Effect of intravenous omega-6 and omega-3 fat emulsions on nitrogen retention and protein kinetics in burned rats

The objective of the study was to evaluate the abrasion resistance of eroded enamel brushed with an acidified fluoride gel. Each enamel specimen was prepared from one of 64 bovine incisors. The specimens were embedded in acrylic resin, ground flat, polished and subsequently covered with a tape exposing an area of 1.8x10.0 mm in the center of the enamel specimens. The samples were alternatingly stored in a demineralizing solution (5 min) and a remineralizing solution (1min) four times. An acidic soft drink (Sprite Light(R)) served as a demineralizing solution and artificial saliva was used as a remineralizing solution. After each remineralization the specimens were brushed in an automatic brushing machine (2,000 strokes, 2.5 N load) and subsequently stored again in saliva (1 min). A mixture of artificial saliva (5 ml) with a gel (1 ml) based on the formulation of Elmex(R) gelée (Wybert, L?rrach, Germany) served as an abrasive slurry. Thirty seconds after brushing, the slurry was removed from the specimens by rinsing with destilled water. For each of 16 specimens the following gels (A-D) were used: gels A (pH 7.0) and B (pH 4.5) were unfluoridated; gels C (pH 7.0) and D (Elmex gelée; pH 4.5) contained 1.25% F-. After two cycles the specimens were kept in the saliva for 8 h. Finally the tape was removed and the abrasion was determined profilometrically. The following values (mean +/- SD) were obtained and statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and Wilcoxon two-sample tests (p相似文献   

Photo/EB hybrid exposure process for T-shaped gate superlow-noise HEMTs

A process for fabricating T-shaped gates using photo/EB hybrid exposure has been developed. This process is suitable for mass production of high performance HEMTs. A 0.2 mu m T-shaped gate HEMT exhibits very low noise figures of 0.40 and 1.1 dB at 12 and 40 GHz, respectively, and high reliability.<>     

10 GHz/10 W internally matched flip-chip GaAs power f.e.t.s

A flip-chip GaAs power f.e.t. delivering 10 W power output with 3 dB gain has been realised at 10 GHz by using a newly developed internal matching technique, in which the f.e.t. chips are directly connected to the lumped capacitors in the matching networks.     

A Nonlinear Robust Control Using a Fuzzy Reasoning and Its Application to a Robot Manipulator

A simplified adaptive nonlinear robust controller (SANROC) has beenstudied in the literature. However, this is based on using the so-calledmatching condition. The present controller is not based on using such acondition. The estimate of an upper bound for uncertainties is usuallyincreased by using the adaptive mechanism, e.g., by consisting of amonotonically increased function. In this paper, instead of using such ananalytically adaptive mechanism, a fuzzy reasoning technique is alsoincorporated with the adaptive mechanism of SANROC. The proposed method isapplied to a pantagraph type robot manipulator. The effectiveness of thepresent method is illustrated by some experiments.     

The evaluation of sizing accuracy of particle counters for parenteral drugs

Our evaluation of electronic liquid-borne particle counter systems has shown that, for accurate measurement of particulate matter in injections, the half count values of voltage thresholds from the particle counter itself should be used in the calibration for the particle sizes being evaluated. The manual method which uses the half count values in the USP XXIII<788> was improved, and the validity of our calibration method was supported by the results based on the ratio test, at 10 microns to those obtained at 15 microns is between 1.5 and 3.5, as per the Seventh Supplement of USP XXII <788>. Additionally, computer-based systems with automated calibration routines which solve the approximate Gaussian distribution of calibration particles have advantages. For the proper determination of the sizing accuracy of a particle counter, criteria of the ratio test at 10 microns and 15 microns as per the Seventh Supplement of USP XXII <788> should be applied at all critical particle sizes.     

Liquid phase epitaxial growth of GaAs from AuGeNi melts

Epitaxial GaAs layers are grown from AuGe and AuGeNi melts in order to study Ni/AuGe/GaAs alloyed contacts. The solubility of GaAs in AuGe and AuGeNi alloys has been measured. The electrical behavior of Au, Ge and Ni in Ni/AuGe/GaAs alloyed contacts is also discussed. Based on the results of liquid phase epitaxial growth experiments, we suggest the conditions for making ohmic contacts with low specific contact resistance on n-type GaAs by AuGeNi alloys. The specific contact resistance of Ni/AuGe/GaAs alloyed contacts is also measured.     

Effect of thermal annealing on the properties of a-SiCN:H films by hot wire chemical vapor deposition using hexamethyldisilazane

We investigated the effect of thermal annealing on the properties of a-SiCN:H films prepared by HWCVD using hexamethyldisilazane focusing on the change in the passivation quality. We found that annealing a-SiCN:H films at the temperature around 600 °C led to an effective hydrogen diffusion, resulting in the enhancement of the passivation effect. The performance of cast polycrystalline silicon solar cells using a-SiCN:H films showed a strong dependence on the contact firing temperature. The best efficiency of 13.75% was achieved at the firing temperature of 750 °C.     

Analysis of postoperative liver function of donors in living-related liver transplantation: comparison of the type of donor hepatectomy

BACKGROUND: There is a potentially significant risk to the donor in living-related liver transplantation. METHODS: We analyzed surgical risk and stress to 35 donors in living-related liver transplantation with special reference to the types of donor hepatectomy. Donor surgery was performed in one of three ways: (1) lateral segmentectomy without ligation of the middle hepatic vein (MHV) in the remnant liver (group 1, n=21); (2) lateral segmentectomy with ligation of MHV in the remnant liver (group 2, n=6); and (3) left lobectomy with MHV (group 3, n=8). RESULTS: No critical complications were observed in any group. The postoperative enzyme levels in group 2 were significantly higher than those in groups 1 and 3 (P<0.01). Although blood loss was covered by autologous blood transfusion in the first six cases, no banked blood was transfused in any of the cases. Surgical duration was significantly longer and blood loss was significantly greater in group 3 than in group 1 (P<0.05). Follow-up computed tomography showed atrophic changes in segment IV in groups 1 and 2. No remarkable changes were seen in segments V or VIII in any of the three groups. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the donor hepatectomy procedure, serious complications did nor occur after surgery. Although it should be noted that the type of donor hepatectomy affects postoperative donor liver function, left lateral segmentectomy with ligation of MHV in the remnant liver is a useful method for obtaining liver grafts from living-related donors who have unusual anatomic variations of the hepatic veins.     

Surgical treatment of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis: strategies and results in 18 patients

BACKGROUND: Seizures in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are often intractable to antiepileptic medications and searching investigation may provide evidence that surgical treatment can be considered. OBJECTIVE: To review the results of investigation and surgical therapy, a treatment modality not generally considered in patients with medically refractory seizures and TSC. METHODS: We report 18 patients (9 male) with TSC who underwent surgical treatment of medically refractory epilepsy. Twelve patients had a well-localized epileptogenic lesion and were treated by lesionectomy or focal resection. Resections were: 7 frontal, 4 temporal, 1 frontotemporal, 1 occipital, and 1 frontoparietal. Four patients underwent more than one operation. Six patients had corpus callosotomy (CC). RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 1 month to 47 years. Outcome of the patients treated by resection was excellent in 7 (5 were seizure-free and 2 had auras only), good in 1, fair in 3, and 1 was lost to follow-up. Best outcome was obtained in patients who had focal seizures and good imaging and EEG correlation, although they might have multiple seizure types, other imaging abnormalities, and multifocal or generalized EEG findings. When there was no such correlation, CC was found to be an option as five patients had at least some improvement and only one showed no change. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of patients with TSC and intractable epilepsy is most effective when a single tuber or epileptogenic area can be identified as the source of seizures and resected. This may be possible even when other tubers or diffuse EEG abnormalities are present. In patients with unlocalizable epileptic abnormalities, palliation may be obtained by CC.     

Spin motion and orientation of LAGEOS-2 from photometric observation

The spin rate and spin axis orientation of the Laser Geodynamics Satellite 2 (LAGEOS-2) satellite were determined by analysis of photometric observation data. A photometer system developed at the Space Geodesy Facility at Herstmonceux, U.K., was used to time solar glints from the rotating satellite. It was found that the spin rate of LAGEOS-2 slowed by 38% per year between March 2000 and November 2002 and that the spin axis undergoes a slow, complex precession with respect to the Earth's rotation axis. Moreover, the analysis revealed that the direction of the spin was the reverse of that of the Earth's rotation and that the optical alignment of a reflector surface on LAGEOS-2 can deviate from its position vector by up to 15 arcmin.